What are neural tube defects?
Neural tube defects occur when the fetal brain or spine does not close correctly in very early pregnancy — typically before most women even know they are pregnant. Open neural tube defects include spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele. Overall, they affect approximately 1 to 2 in 1,000 births. Spina bifida itself ranges from mild forms with little impact to more significant forms affecting mobility and other functions.
How are these conditions detected?
The anomaly scan at 18–22 weeks detects neural tube defects with high sensitivity, examining the baby's brain and spine in detail as a routine part of the scan. An elevated level of a marker called maternal serum AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), tested as part of some screening panels, can also be a signal worth following up with a detailed scan.
Can neural tube defects be prevented?
What happens if a neural tube defect is found?
Dr. Chandak will explain the specific finding clearly, including what type of defect it is and its likely severity based on the scan appearance. Genetic counseling can help you understand the implications and options. For confirmed cases, planning delivery at a centre with the right paediatric neurosurgical support in place makes a meaningful difference to outcomes.
Frequently asked questions
Yes, the anomaly scan at 18–22 weeks detects neural tube defects, including spina bifida, with high sensitivity.
Yes — taking folic acid before conception and through early pregnancy is one of the most well-established, effective ways to reduce the risk of neural tube defects, by up to 70%.
No, it ranges widely from mild to more significant forms. Dr. Chandak will explain what a specific finding is likely to mean based on the scan.